Which approach should be used for all conscious survivors?

The rear surface approach is recommended for all conscious survivors primarily due to the safety and control it provides for both the rescuer and the individual being rescued. This method allows the rescuer to maintain a position of advantage, approaching from behind, which minimizes the chance of startling the survivor.

When rescuers approach a conscious survivor from the front, the survivor may become anxious or frightened, potentially leading to erratic movements that could jeopardize both their safety and the rescuer's. The rear approach allows the rescuer to guide the survivor without creating additional stress or panic.

Furthermore, this approach enables the rescuer to secure the survivor quickly and safely by positioning an arm around their back, which also provides better control over the rescue process. This is particularly critical in maintaining the survivor's buoyancy and stability in the water, helping ensure that the rescue is conducted smoothly and effectively.

In contrast, other approaches, such as the front approach or underwater approach, do not offer the same level of control and can potentially complicate the rescue effort.